From Steve Idell and colleagues: Dose dependency of outcomes of intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy in new rabbit empyema models

Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2016 Jun 24:ajplung.00171.2016. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00171.2016. [Epub ahead of print]

Dose dependency of outcomes of intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy in new rabbit empyema models.

Komissarov AA1, Florova G2, Azghani AO3, Buchanan A2, Boren J4, Allen TC5, Rahman NM6, Koenig K7, Chamiso M7, Karandashova S2, Henry J7, Idell S8.

Author information

• 1The Texas Lung Injury Institute. University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler andrey.komissarov@uthct.edu.
• 2University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, TX.
• 3The University of Texas at Tyler.
• 4University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler.
• 5The University of Texas Medical Branch.
• 6Oxford University Hospitals.
• 7The Texas Lung Injury Institute of The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler.
• 8The University of Texas Health Center at Tyler.

Abstract

The incidence of empyema (EMP) is increasing worldwide, generally occurs with pleural loculation and impaired drainage is often treated with intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy (IPFT) or surgery. A number of IPFT options are used clinically with empiric dosing and variable outcomes in adults. To evaluate the mechanisms governing intrapleural fibrinolysis and disease outcomes, rabbit models of Pasteurella multocida and Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced EMP were generated. The animals were treated with either human tissue (tPA) plasminogen activator or prourokinase (scuPA). Rabbit EMP was characterized by the development of pleural adhesions detectable by chest ultrasonography and fibrinous coating of the pleura. Similar to human EMP, rabbits with EMP accumulated sizable; 20-40 ml fibrinopurulent pleural effusions associated with extensive intrapleural organization, significantly increased pleural thickness, suppression of fibrinolytic and plasminogen activating activities and accumulation of high levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, plasminogen and extracellular DNA. IPFT with tPA (0.145 mg/kg) or scuPA (0.5 mg/kg) was ineffective in rabbit EMP (n=9 and 3 for P. multocida and S. pneumoniae, respectively). 2 mg/kg tPA or scuPA IPFT (n=5) effectively cleared S. pneumoniae-induced EMP collections in 24h with no bleeding observed. While intrapleural fibrinolytic activity for up to 40 min after IPFT was similar for effective and ineffective doses of fibrinolysin, it was lower for tPA compared to scuPA treatments. These results demonstrate the similarities between rabbit and human EMP, the importance of pleural fluid PAI-1 activity and levels of plasminogen in the regulation of intrapleural fibrinolysis and illustrate the dose dependency of IPFT outcomes in EMP.

CAP, IASLC, and AMP Seek Public Comments on Revised Molecular Testing Guideline to Improve Lung Cancer Patient Selection and Targeted Therapies

International Lung Cancer Experts Seek Public Comments on Revised Molecular Testing Guideline to Improve Patient Selection and Targeted Therapies

"The College of American Pathologists (CAP), the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC), and the Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) announced today the open comment period for the revised evidence-based guideline, "Molecular Testing Guideline for Selection of Lung Cancer Patients for EGFR and ALK Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors."

The open comment period begins today and will close on August 2, 2016. The online format provides an opportunity for public review of new draft recommendations for several key topics, as well as recommendation statements that have been reaffirmed since the initial guideline was jointly published online in April 2013 byArchives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The Journal of Thoracic Oncology, and The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics."

"Outrage, a fine political emotion, has degenerated into resentment and hatred."

How voters’ personal suffering overtook reason — and brought us Donald Trump

Grievance narrows the imagination.

By Leon Wieseltier June 22

Leon Wieseltier is the Isaiah Berlin senior fellow in culture and policy at the Brookings Institution.

"Yet we seem to be living in a country of personal injuries. In our political season this takes the form of a politics of grievance. The prestige of anger in our politics has grown disproportionately to anger’s justifications and exceeded them, so that voting appears to have become more an explosion of feeling than an expression of thought. (It is the voters, after all, to whom demagogues owe their ascendancy. The wisdom of crowds!) Valid grievances have turned poisonous and welcomed intolerance and untruth into their orbit. Outrage, a fine political emotion, has degenerated into resentment and hatred. A shocking number of Americans seem more conspiratorial than deliberative. The responsibilities of policy are overwhelmed in our debates by the wounds of collective memory, recent and ancient. All this does not signify the end of democracy, and democracy is not to be blamed for it. Democracy requires of us that we live by our nerves. But it also requires of us that we keep our heads; and if reason and respect are democratic qualities, then there is a decidedly undemocratic spirit loose in the land. We are punishing our politics with our pain, when the solutions for our pain may be found only in our politics."

"...the average U.S. adult gradually gains about 30 pounds between the ages of 18 and 35..."

Not gaining the weight beats having to lose it

"But those excess pounds are not packed on overnight. Instead, the average U.S. adult gradually gains about 30 pounds between the ages of 18 and 35, says Deborah Tate, a professor of health behavior and nutrition at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill.

“There are a lot of lifestyle changes occurring in this age group, putting them at greater risk for gain,” says Rena Wing, a professor of psychiatry and human behavior at Brown University. Athletic teens may become desk-bound workers. Women gain weight with pregnancy and have trouble losing it. Busy young families may subsist on convenience food and kid-friendly snacks.

The result, Tate says, is a daily “energy gap” — the difference between calories burned and calories consumed — that slowly adds up."

"And Google hits are more interesting than truth anyway, so why not just dream out loud?"

We Are Not Living in a 'Video Game Simulation'

"This speculation has become 'a thing' recently not because it has finally been grounded in a compelling argument, but because Elon Musk occupies a social role in which he need only dream out loud in order for his 'he' to become a 'they'. The argument is a matter of interest, like the horoscopes once so lucidly studied by Adorno, mostly because of what it says about the sociology of authority, not because of what it, well, says. And yet one fears that in the Internet era, though we are now offered infinite space to say things, there is somehow nonetheless vanishing space for critical analysis of the declarations of the powerful. The powerful maintain a pretence of reasonableness by speaking in terms of what is 'probable'. But speaking in this way translates just as easily into Google hits as does speaking of what is 'true'. And Google hits are more interesting than truth anyway, so why not just dream out loud?"

Penn to launch joint degree program in law and medicine

Updated: JUNE 23, 2016 — 1:08 AM EDT

by Janaki Chadha, Staff Writer

"In what is likely to be a rigorous cross-disciplinary experience, the University of Pennsylvania will launch a program next year that would offer candidates a chance to earn degrees in law and medicine."

Not like the movies: "One punch strikes may result in a range of injuries that can include permanent neurological impairment and death."

J Law Med Ethics. 2016 Jun;44(2):332-41. doi: 10.1177/1073110516654126.

Kings to Cowards: One-Punch Assaults.

Schreiber J1, Williams A1, Ranson D1.

Author information

• 1Jason Schreiber, FFCFM, MFFLM, DipFLM, is a Forensic Physician at the Clinical Forensic Department of the Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine. Angela Williams, MBBS, GradDipForensMed, MForensMed, GradDipLaw, FFFLM (UK), GAICD, MBA, FFCFM (RCPA), is a Senior Forensic Physician in the Clinical Forensic Medicine Department of the Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine. She is an Adjunct Senior Lecturer in the Department of Forensic Medicine at Monash University, Victoria, Australia. Dr Williams is a Founding Fellow of the Faculty of Clinical Forensic Medicine of the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia and a Fellow of the Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine of the Royal College of Physicians, United Kingdom. David Ranson, B. Med. Sci., B.M., B.S., LLB., FRCPath., FRCPA., FACLM., FFFLM., FFCFM., DMJ (Path)., is a is Deputy Director of the Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine in charge of the Forensic Service Division which covers a range of Forensic Laboratory Sciences, Clinical Forensic Medicine and Forensic Pathology.

Abstract

METHODOLOGY:

Literature Review and medico-legal commentary.

RESULTS:

Fatal one-punch assaults have been reported extensively in the media. This article provides a commentary on recent policy developments and legislative amendments in Australia regarding so called 'one-punch' assaults. Comparisons are made with the situation in other jurisdictions including the UK, US, and Europe. The clinical forensic medical aspect of fist strikes to the head and face is examined in the context of the recent media attention and public interest these cases have attracted. The increased recognition of the risk of harm and death inherent in these types of assaultive behavior is reflected in the policy and legislative changes that have taken place in some jurisdictions.

CONCLUSION:

One punch strikes may result in a range of injuries that can include permanent neurological impairment and death. Recent media and community concern regarding these cases and the need for stronger deterrence has resulted in a change in public policy and consequent legislative amendments.

"We're sitting too much and it's dangerous."

Get a move on: 10 ways to be more active during the workday

Sunday, June 26, 2016

By BrandPoint ~ Healthwatch

"We're sitting too much and it's dangerous. The average American spends more than seven hours sitting every day, and the more time you sit, the higher your risk of serious, potentially life-threatening health problems such as obesity, Type 2 diabetes and heart disease. So, what can you do about it?"

"The self-sacrificing quest for scientific rigour is displaced by the need to jockey among journals, and perhaps also engage in p-hacking to obtain interesting results."

How should we treat science’s growing pains?

"Under these harsh conditions, quality becomes instrumentalised. To strive for ‘excellence’ may be impractical; ‘impact’ is the name of the game. The self-sacrificing quest for scientific rigour is displaced by the need to jockey among journals, and perhaps also engage in p-hacking to obtain interesting results. Such conditions can go far to explain the distressing results that John Ionnidis first found a decade ago. But there is a deeper cause at work. Perhaps those who engage in what we might call ‘shoddy science’ or even ‘sleazy science’ don’t even know that it is sub-standard. The problem may have been building up for decades in the past, when standards gradually slipped and the basic skills of rigorous scientific work were allowed to atrophy. As evidence we have the current state of statistical practice, of which the best is as sophisticated and self-critical as possible, but where there is also much that is an insult."

"Wait, I’m sorry: Someone thought this was an advancement in the treatment of obesity?"

The FDA Just Approved a New Device That Literally Sucks Food Out of Your Stomach

"But, the FDA warns, the device “should not be used on patients with eating disorders.” Perhaps that’s because critics say it mimics binge-and-purge behavior. In 2013, a nutrition professor characterized the device as a “bulimia machine.”

The FDA also writes that “patients require frequent monitoring by a health care provider to shorten the tube as they lose weight and abdominal girth, so that the disk remains flush against their skin.” Side effects of the device include occasional indigestion, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea plus “leakage, bleeding and/or infection around the site where the tube is placed and device migration into the stomach wall.”

Wait, I’m sorry: Someone thought this was an advancement in the treatment of obesity?"

Science. 2016 Jun 24;352(6293):1573-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf2654.

The social dilemma of autonomous vehicles.

Bonnefon JF1, Shariff A2, Rahwan I3.

Author information

• 1Toulouse School of Economics, Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Center for Research in Management, CNRS, University of Toulouse Capitole, Toulouse, France.
• 2Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA. irahwan@mit.edu.
• 3The Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. irahwan@mit.edu.

Abstract

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) should reduce traffic accidents, but they will sometimes have to choose between two evils, such as running over pedestrians or sacrificing themselves and their passenger to save the pedestrians. Defining the algorithms that will help AVs make these moral decisions is a formidable challenge. We found that participants in six Amazon Mechanical Turk studies approved of utilitarian AVs (that is, AVs that sacrifice their passengers for the greater good) and would like others to buy them, but they would themselves prefer to ride in AVs that protect their passengers at all costs. The study participants disapprove of enforcing utilitarian regulations for AVs and would be less willing to buy such an AV. Accordingly, regulating for utilitarian algorithms may paradoxically increase casualties by postponing the adoption of a safer technology.

Young in Oman face ticking health time-bomb

Young in Oman face ticking health time-bomb

"People as young as 24 are suffering neurological strokes and heart attacks in Oman, a condition earlier prevalent only among those above 50, a fact senior medics underlined with concern. New, plugged in, sedentary lifestyles are becoming a ticking health time-bomb for the young, as various life threatening conditions previously known to occur from middle age are striking the younger generation."

"The dean stressed there is no need to ban sweet treats."

Workplace 'Cake Culture' Fuels Obesity Spike, Ruin Dental Health

24 June 2016, 10:10 pm EDT By Katherine Derla Tech Times

The dean stressed there is no need to ban sweet treats. Rather, there is a need for a "change in culture."

Hunt suggested that people buying sweets should consider going for small sizes or quantities as well as making these sugary treats available only when in tandem with lunch meals.

Workers should also consider switching to healthier alternatives such as fruit platters, cheese and nuts instead of the usual doughnuts, biscuits, pastries and cakes.

"Responsible employers should take a lead and avoid such snacks in meetings," added Hunt.

- See more at: http://www.techtimes.com/articles/166795/20160624/workplace-cake-culture-fuels-obesity-spike-ruin-dental-health.htm#sthash.XlXQj2V4.dpuf

"The very best modern American artists, by contrast, have not accepted the narrow restrictions imposed by pop culture."

‘Masterpieces’ Without Masters

Devaluing the word, delegitimizing the concept

TERRY TEACHOUT / JUNE 16, 2016

"The very best modern American artists, by contrast, have not accepted the narrow restrictions imposed by pop culture. They go their own way—and do their own work. Not only are novels like Flannery O’Connor’s Wise Blood, plays like Tennessee Williams’s The Glass Menagerie, musical compositions like Aaron Copland’s Piano Sonata, paintings like Jackson Pollock’s Blue Poles, ballets like Jerome Robbins’s Dances at a Gathering, and buildings like Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater more expressively ambitious than their popular counterparts, but they were not conceived collectively. As a result, they reflect in every way the creative visions of their makers, whose styles are personal to a degree that no collectively made work of art can hope to rival. They are masterpieces in the purest sense of the word."

How Health Care Professionals Use Social Media to Create Virtual Communities

J Med Internet Res. 2016 Jun 16;18(6):e166. doi: 10.2196/jmir.5312.

How Health Care Professionals Use Social Media to Create Virtual Communities: An Integrative Review.

Rolls K1, Hansen M, Jackson D, Elliott D.

Author information

• 1Agency for Clinical Innovation, Intensive Care Coordination and Monitoring Unit, NSW Health Department, Chatswood, Australia. kaye.d.rolls@student.uts.edu.au.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Prevailing health care structures and cultures restrict intraprofessional communication, inhibiting knowledge dissemination and impacting the translation of research into practice. Virtual communities may facilitate professional networking and knowledge sharing in and between health care disciplines.

OBJECTIVES:

This study aimed to review the literature on the use of social media by health care professionals in developing virtual communities that facilitate professional networking, knowledge sharing, and evidence-informed practice.

METHODS:

An integrative literature review was conducted to identify research published between 1990 and 2015. Search strategies sourced electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL), snowball references, and tables of contents of 3 journals. Papers that evaluated social media use by health care professionals (unless within an education framework) using any research design (except for research protocols or narrative reviews) were included. Standardized data extraction and quality assessment tools were used.

RESULTS:

Overall, 72 studies were included: 44 qualitative (including 2 ethnographies, 26 qualitative descriptive, and 1 Q-sort) and 20 mixed-methods studies, and 8 literature reviews. The most common methods of data collection were Web-based observation (n=39), surveys (n=23), interviews (n=11), focus groups (n=2), and diaries (n=1). Study quality was mixed. Social media studied included Listservs (n=22), Twitter (n=18), general social media (n=17), discussion forums (n=7), Web 2.0 (n=3), virtual community of practice (n=3), wiki (n=1), and Facebook (n=1). A range of health care professionals were sampled in the studies, including physicians (n=24), nurses (n=15), allied health professionals (n=14), followed by health care professionals in general (n=8), a multidisciplinary clinical specialty area (n=9), and midwives (n=2). Of 36 virtual communities, 31 were monodiscipline for a discrete clinical specialty. Population uptake by the target group ranged from 1.6% to 29% (n=4). Evaluation using related theories of "planned behavior" and the "technology acceptance model" (n=3) suggests that social media use is mediated by an individual's positive attitude toward and accessibility of the media, which is reinforced by credible peers. The most common reason to establish a virtual community was to create a forum where relevant specialty knowledge could be shared and professional issues discussed (n=17). Most members demonstrated low posting behaviors but more frequent reading or accessing behaviors. The most common Web-based activity was request for and supply of specialty-specific clinical information. This knowledge sharing is facilitated by a Web-based culture of collectivism, reciprocity, and a respectful noncompetitive environment. Findings suggest that health care professionals view virtual communities as valuable knowledge portals for sourcing clinically relevant and quality information that enables them to make more informed practice decisions.

CONCLUSIONS:

There is emerging evidence that health care professionals use social media to develop virtual communities to share domain knowledge. These virtual communities, however, currently reflect tribal behaviors of clinicians that may continue to limit knowledge sharing. Further research is required to evaluate the effects of social media on knowledge distribution in clinical practice and importantly whether patient outcomes are significantly improved.

Transl Res. 2016 Jun 6. pii: S1931-5244(16)30066-4. doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.05.006. [Epub ahead of print]

Ethical considerations and challenges in first-in-human research.

Koonrungsesomboon N1, Laothavorn J2, Karbwang J3.

Author information

• 1Department of Clinical Product Development, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Japan; Leading Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan.
• 2Chulabhon International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Thailand.
• 3Department of Clinical Product Development, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Japan. Electronic address: karbwangj@nagasaki-u.ac.jp.

Abstract

First-in-human (FIH) research is a translational process to move a new potential therapy from bench to bedside. Major ethical challenges of an FIH trial arise because of the indeterminate nature of the risks involved and the controversial risk-benefit justification. Severe adverse events and death of subjects who participated in FIH research in the past have led to an increased attention on ethical considerations in the design and conduct of such research. Furthermore, novel therapies in the current decade, such as molecular-targeted, gene transfer, and pluripotent stem cells therapies, have led to numerous emerging ethical challenges or different ethical assessment and justification frameworks for FIH research. This article presents, discusses, and interlinks ethical considerations and challenges in FIH research through a review of related ethical principles and their application to each ethical issue with given examples. Possible solutions to address each ethical challenge are presented. The scope of this article focuses on 4 major ethical issues in FIH research: risk-benefit assessment and justification for the conduct of research, selection of a suitable target population, informed consent, and conflict of interest.

PHILADELPHIA BECOMES FIRST MAJOR CITY TO APPROVE TAX ON SODA

ALEXA ERICKSONJUNE 25, 2016

"With the exception of baby formula, products that contain more than 50 percent milk, fruit and vegetable juice, the law lists “non-100%-fruit drinks; flavoured water; energy drinks; pre-sweetened coffee or tea; and non-alcoholic beverages intended to be mixed into an alcoholic drink,” as taxable products. It will go into effect on Jan. 1, 2017.

“The tax will be levied on distributors. Only time will tell how much will trickle down to consumers. The tax could add up to 18 cents to the cost of a 12-ounce can, $1 to the cost of a 2-liter container, and $2.16 to the cost of a 12-pack,” Philly.com explains."

"These sorts of tribal affiliations cause problems, obviously, which is why elites were so eager to tamp them down. Unfortunately, they are also what glues polities together, and makes people willing to sacrifice for them."

'Citizens of the World'? Nice Thought, But ...

915

JUNE 24, 2016 1:20 PM EDT

By

Megan McArdle

"The EU never did this work. When asked "Where are you from?" almost no one would answer "Europe," because after 50 years of assiduous labor by the eurocrats, Europe remains a continent, not an identity. As Matthew Yglesias points out, an EU-wide soccer team would be invincible -- but who would root for it? These sorts of tribal affiliations cause problems, obviously, which is why elites were so eager to tamp them down. Unfortunately, they are also what glues polities together, and makes people willing to sacrifice for them. Trying to build the state without the nation has led to the mess that is the current EU. And to Thursday's election results."

"If you cannot see your fellow students, or colleagues, as engaged in a common and intrinsically human search for knowledge — maybe even wisdom — then you will have no incentive to cross the boundaries of race, gender, or culture."

Renewing the University

ALAN JACOBS

"If you cannot see your fellow students, or colleagues, as engaged in a common and intrinsically human search for knowledge — maybe even wisdom — then you will have no incentive to cross the boundaries of race, gender, or culture. You will in the end have no incentive to cross the boundaries of your narrow little self. You may occasionally speak the language of "alliance," but you will define your allies as those who obey your demands. And, in times of conflict, it will be characteristic of your stance toward the world to make demands.

This is a way to live. But it is not a good way to live, and it exacts a heavy toll on everyone involved — especially the students, who postpone beyond any reasonable point that vital achievement Richard Rodriguez described: becoming "assimilated into public society" in such a way as to make possible "the achievement of public individuality." If our young people are going to see that there are less confrontational alternatives, something other than zero-sum games, they will need instruction in the humanities. Some of us are prepared to give it."

Sinchita Roy-Chowdhuri and John Stewart (2016) Preanalytic Variables in Cytology: Lessons Learned From Next-Generation Sequencing—The MD Anderson Experience. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine In-Press.

Early Online Release

Preanalytic Variables in Cytology: Lessons Learned From Next-Generation Sequencing—The MD Anderson Experience

Sinchita Roy-Chowdhuri , MD, PhD; John Stewart , MD, PhD

Reprints: Sinchita Roy-Chowdhuri, MD, PhD, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 85, Houston, TX 77030 (email: sroy2@mdanderson.org).

Context.—As our understanding of genomic alterations underlying solid tumor malignancies continues to evolve, molecular testing of tumor samples is increasingly used to guide therapeutic management. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) provides a novel platform for the simultaneous screening of multiple genes using small amounts of DNA. Several recent studies have described NGS mutational analysis using cytologic specimens. The cytopathologist's role in specimen assessment and triaging is critical to effectively implementing NGS in routine cytology practice.

Objectives.—To review the NGS experience and a variety of preanalytic factors that affect NGS success rates of cytologic specimens at our institution.

Data Sources.—To evaluate cytology specimen adequacy rates for NGS, we reviewed a 14-month period of image-guided fine-needle aspiration and core needle biopsies, used for testing. In addition, we reviewed data from our previously published studies to evaluate preanalytic factors affecting NGS success in these specimens.

Conclusions.—Identifying factors that affect NGS success rates in cytology specimens is crucial for a better understanding of specimen adequacy requirements and for proper use of limited-volume tissue samples. In our practice, which uses direct smears as well as cell block sections, NGS success rates in core needle biopsy and fine-needle aspiration samples are comparable. The chance of successful testing is further increased by procuring concurrent fine-needle aspiration and core needle biopsy samples. The type of glass slides used for direct smears and the method of tissue extraction affect our DNA yield. Validating a DNA input for cytology samples that is lower than that recommended by the manufacturer has significantly increased our NGS success rate.

"After three years as a resident physician in pathology, I'd grown accustomed to seeing cancer. In fact, I see it every day. But this was different: These were just kids."

Spending a month with children's cancer


John BiemerChicago Tribune

"After three years as a resident physician in pathology, I'd grown accustomed to seeing cancer. In fact, I see it every day. But this was different: These were just kids.

Kids with leukemia. Kids with osteosarcoma. Kids with Wilms' tumor of the kidney. Kids with melanoma. The youngest kid diagnosed with cancer was just 3 days old."

Will obesity reverse the life span gains made over decades of health triumphs?

AMERICANS HAD BEEN LIVING LONGER, BUT WEIGHT EPIDEMIC IS REVERSING THE TREND

"In one year alone, deaths from stroke ticked up 4 percent, chronic liver disease deaths jumped 3 percent and deaths attributed to heart disease and to diabetes rose by 1 percent each, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Deaths because of Alzheimer’s disease, which has been linked to midlife obesity, rose 19 percent over the year before."

Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2013 Apr;137(4):457-61. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2012-0161-ED.

Graduated responsibility for pathology residents: no time for half measures.

Allen TC.

The Fattest States In America

By Douglas A. McIntyre June 12, 2016 9:30 am EDT

"According to The State of Obesity study, rates of obesity now exceed 35% in three states (Arkansas, West Virginia and Mississippi), 22 states have rates above 30%, 45 states are above 25%, and every state is above 20%. Arkansas has the highest adult obesity rate at 35.9%, while Colorado has the lowest at 21.3%. The data show that 23 of 25 states with the highest rates of obesity are in the South and Midwest."



Read more: The Fattest States In America - 24/7 Wall St. http://247wallst.com/healthcare-economy/2016/06/12/the-fattest-states-in-america-2/#ixzz4BNJWaXeD
Follow us: @247wallst on Twitter | 247wallst on Facebook