From U Nottingham: driving experience and the ability to detect and respond to hazards

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22269547

Accid Anal Prev. 2012 Mar;45:600-9. Epub 2011 Nov 17.
Some hazards are more attractive than others: drivers of varying experience respond differently to different types of hazard.
Crundall D, Chapman P, Trawley S, Collins L, van Loon E, Andrews B, Underwood G.
Source
Accident Research Unit, School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK. david.crundall@nottingham.ac.uk

Abstract
The ability to detect hazards in video clips of driving has been inconsistently linked to driving experience and skill. One potential reason for the lack of consistency is the failure to understand the structural differences between those hazards that discriminate between safe and unsafe drivers, and those that do not. The current study used a car simulator to test drivers of differing levels of experience on approach to a series of hazards that were categorized a priori according to their underlying structure. The results showed that learner drivers took longer to fixate hazards, although they were particularly likely to miss hazards that were obscured by the environment (such as a pedestrian emerging from behind a parked truck). While drivers with a moderate amount of experience were as fast as driving instructors to look at hazards, they spent the greatest amount of time looking at them. Only instructors' ability to detect hazards early in the approach translated into differences in driving speed for certain types of hazard. The results demonstrate that drivers of varying experience respond differently to different hazards, and lay the foundations for a hazard typology.