http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22665437

Trauma Violence Abuse. 2012 Jun 4. [Epub ahead of print]

Factors Related to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adolescence.

Nooner KB, Linares LO, Batinjane J, Kramer RA, Silva R, Cloitre M.

Abstract

Studies of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adolescence published from 2000 to 2011 indicate that adolescents are at greater risk of experiencing trauma than either adults or children, and that the prevalence of PTSD among adolescents is 3-57%. Age, gender, type of trauma, and repeated trauma are discussed as factors related to the increased rates of adolescent PTSD. PTSD in adolescence is also associated with suicide, substance abuse, poor social support, academic problems, and poor physical health. PTSD may disrupt biological maturational processes and contribute to the long-term emotion and behavior regulation problems that are often evident in adolescents with the disorder. Recommendations are presented for practice and research regarding the promotion of targeted prevention and intervention services to maximize adolescents' strengths and minimize vulnerabilities. Public policy implications are discussed.