"...at least some of the origins of psychopathic traits are present in infancy and early childhood, which is consistent with the perspective of psychopathy as a neurodevelopmental disorder."

Infant Ment Health J. 2019 Jan;40(1):39-53. doi: 10.1002/imhj.21757. Epub 2018 Dec 21.

Early life predictors of callous-unemotional and psychopathic traits.

Glenn AL1.

Author information

1

Center for the Prevention of Youth Behavior Problems, Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama.

Abstract

Psychopathy is a disorder that occurs primarily in males. Offenders with psychopathic traits are responsible for a disproportionate amount of crime in society, particularly violent crime. Early childhood is a time when individual differences in empathy and guilt-key indicators of the construct of psychopathy-are first evident. A growing number of longitudinal studies have begun to investigate how factors in infancy and early childhood predict psychopathic-like traits in later childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. These studies have suggested that parenting styles during infancy (parental sensitivity, maternal harsh intrusion, commenting on the emotional state of the child) as well as attachment styles are predictive of later psychopathic-like traits. In addition, child characteristics such as temperament and the functioning of biological systems such as the autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis are predictive. Overall, studies have suggested that at least some of the origins of psychopathic traits are present in infancy and early childhood, which is consistent with the perspective of psychopathy as a neurodevelopmental disorder. A recent evolutionary-developmental model provides hypotheses regarding how psychopathy may develop and why it is more common in males than females. This model, and its implications for intervention, is discussed in the context of the longitudinal studies that have been conducted on psychopathy.

Diets consisting of fewer calories improve cell performance

"Obese individuals are much more likely to have age-related diseases. This includes neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, proliferative diseases like cancer, and metabolic diseases themselves, such as Type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, heart attack and CVA. Obese people have a higher incidence of all of these," said the researcher.

By preventing obesity, we can prevent these diseases. However, the worldwide epidemic has not diminished even with constant warnings about the need for balanced nutrition and physical activity.

"Georgiana (Ala.) Medical Center will close March 31, making it the seventh rural hospital in Alabama to close since 2010."

Alabama hospital to close in March

Georgiana (Ala.) Medical Center will close March 31, making it the seventh rural hospital in Alabama to close since 2010.

Ivy Creek Healthcare in Georgiana, which owns the hospital, cited growing costs and reimbursement cuts as the reason for the closure, according to WFSA.

Georgiana Medical Center is one of two hospitals serving Butler County.

J Med Ethics. 2019 Jan 21. pii: medethics-2018-105069. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2018-105069. [Epub ahead of print]

Internal morality of medicine and physician autonomy.

McAndrew S1.

Author information

1

Department of Philosophy, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA.

Abstract

Robert Veatch and others have questioned whether there are internal moral rules of medicine. This paper examines the legal regulatory model for governing professions as the autonomous exercise of professional skills and asks whether there is a theoretical basis for this model. Taking John Rawls's distinction between the justification of a practice and justification of the rules internal to the practice, this paper argues that the autonomous exercise of professional skills is justified so long as it benefits society. In opposition to Christopher Boorse, it is argued that medicine is pathocentric and that physicians exercise skills in treating pathologies. The autonomous treatment of pathologies is justified because non-interference with physicians will lead to greater treatment of pathologies and so benefit society. Finally, the analysis of medicine as the autonomous exercise of skills in treating pathologies yields the rule that physicians not be forced to cause pathologies.

More Young Adults are Getting Cancer – and Obesity Might Have Something to Do With It

More Young Adults are Getting Cancer – and Obesity Might Have Something to Do With It

Study finds some obesity-related cancers on the rise in Americans under 50

“Half the obesity-related cancers were increasing in incidence, while most of the other cancers that are not obesity related – like ones that are smoking-related – were actually stable or declining,” Dr. Shepard notes. “And the youngest people are the ones that have the bigger increases.”

"All students oscillated involuntarily between seeing the cadaver as a specimen for learning and seeing the cadaver as a person, with some students intentionally cultivating one of these ways of seeing over the other. These views shaped students' emotional and moral responses to the experiences of dissection."

Anat Sci Educ. 2019 Feb 10. doi: 10.1002/ase.1868. [Epub ahead of print]

Not just a specimen: A qualitative study of emotion, morality, and professionalism in one medical school gross anatomy laboratory.

Goss AL1, Viswanathan V2, DeLisser HM3,4.

Author information

1

Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.

2

Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

3

Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

4

Academic Programs Office, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Abstract

Medical schools are increasingly integrating professionalism training into their gross anatomy courses, teaching ethical behavior and humanistic attitudes through the dissection experience. However, many schools continue to take a traditional, technical approach to anatomical education while teaching professionalism in separate courses. This interview-based study explored how students viewed the body donor and the professional lessons they learned through dissection at one such medical school. All students oscillated involuntarily between seeing the cadaver as a specimen for learning and seeing the cadaver as a person, with some students intentionally cultivating one of these ways of seeing over the other. These views shaped students' emotional and moral responses to the experiences of dissection. The "specimen" view facilitated a technical, detached approach to dissection, while the "person" view made students engage emotionally. Further, students who intentionally cultivated a "specimen" view generally felt less moral distress about dissection than students who intentionally cultivated a "person" view. The concept of respect gave students permission to perform dissections, but "person-minded" students developed more complex rules around what constituted respectful behavior. Both groups of students connected the gross anatomy experience to their professional development, but in different ways. "Specimen-minded" students intentionally objectified the body to learn the emotional control physicians need, while "person-minded" students humanized the body donor to promote the emotional engagement required of physicians. These findings support efforts to integrate professionalism teaching into gross anatomy courses, particularly content addressing the balance between professional detachment and concern.

Baylor Scott & White, Memorial Hermann end merger talks

"Dallas-based Baylor Scott & White Health and Houston-based Memorial Hermann Health System have decided to discontinue merger discussions roughly four months after signing a letter of intent to combine their organizations."

Quintessential 80s. A-ha's Take On Me

a-ha - Take On Me (Official Music Video)

J Altern Complement Med. 2018 Sep/Oct;24(9-10):862-871. doi: 10.1089/acm.2018.0175.

Complementary and Integrative Medicine in Lung Cancer: Questions and Challenges.

Frenkel M1,2, Slater R1, Sapire K3, Sierpina V1.

Author information

1

1 Department of Family Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston , Galveston, Texas.

2

2 Integrative Medicine Program, Institute of Oncology Meir Medical Center , Kfar Saba, Israel .

3

3 Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas.

Abstract

Lung cancer represents 13% of all cancers, making it the second most common type of malignancy in the United States. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in men and women in the United States and accounts for nearly 18% of all deaths from cancer. Because of its high mortality rate, lung cancer is associated with an increased rate of distress. Patients use various strategies to cope with this distress during and after cancer treatments, and complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) has become a common coping strategy. This reviewcovers major questions and challenges of incorporating CIM during and beyond treatment for lung cancer. The questions revolve around determining the value of nutrition and nutritional supplements, assessing the role of exercise, addressing the mind-body connection, enhancing the benefit of immunotherapy, and determining the benefit of incorporating complementary therapies such as acupuncture and homeopathy. This review may provide a basis for discussion that can enhance patient-doctor dialogue regarding the use of CIM during and after treatment for lung cancer.

J Occup Health. 2019 Jan;61(1):10-18. doi: 10.1002/1348-9585.12031.

Update of occupational lung disease.

Suganuma N1,2, Natori Y1,3, Kurosawa H1,4, Nakano M1,5, Kasai T1,6, Morimoto Y1,7; Japan Society for Occupational Health Occupational Lung Disease Study Group.

Author information

1

Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) Occupational Lung Disease Study Group, Tokya, Japan.

2

Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi Univeristy, Nankoku, Japan.

3

Hirano-Kameido Himawari-Clinic, Koto-ku, Japan.

4

Department of Occupational Health, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.

5

Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Japan.

6

Department of Pathology, Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Sakai, Japan.

7

University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

Occupational Lung Disease is an oldest but still a biggest problem in occupational health.

METHODS:

Steering Committee members of the Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) Occupational Lung Disease Study Group selected and summarized current topics on occupational lung diseases based on expert opinion, as informed by governmental regulation, public health concerns, and frequently discussed in related academic conferences.

RESULTS:

The topics included in this review are professional education in medical screening skills, 2014 update of Helsinki Criteria, respiratory diseases found in the earthquake and tsunami affected regions, newly recognized occupational lung diseases, and potential respiratory health hazards.

DISCUSSIONS:

Although occupational lung diseases seem to stay as one of the major concerns in occupational health, screening tools and control measures are standardized for the better prevention of the diseases. As this health problem usually occurs in where the most actively economically developing area is, the patients tend to increase in emerging economic powers with huge population.

"Pizza chain's website and app are incompatible with screen reading software, so blind man can't order online. A violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act?"

Short Circuit: A Roundup of Recent Federal Court Decisions

• Pizza chain's website and app are incompatible with screen reading software, so blind man can't order online. A violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act? District court: No, the Act doesn't mention the internet, and the feds have failed to provide formal guidance on how it applies—despite promising to do so. Ninth Circuit: Reversed. The feds have said that websites must comply; there's no need for the gov't to produce a blueprint detailing how to do it.

arcinogenesis. 2019 Jan 10. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgz004. [Epub ahead of print]

Prognostic Factors of Survival in Patients with Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma; an analysis of the National Cancer Data Base.

van Gerwen M1, Alpert N1, Wolf A2, Ohri N3, Lewis E2, Rosenzweig KE4, Flores R2,5, Taioli E1,2,5.

Author information

1

Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.

2

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.

3

Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA.

4

Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.

5

Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.

Abstract

Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a rare disease with a very poor prognosis. Previous studies have indicated that women experience longer survival compared to men. We analyzed 16,267 eligible patients (21.3% females) in the National Cancer Data Base to evaluate which clinical factors are independently predictive of longer survival. After adjusting for all covariates, survival was significantly better in females compared to males (HRadj: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.77-0.85). Other factors significantly associated with better survival were younger age at diagnosis, higher income, lower comorbidity score, epithelial histology, earlier stage, and receipt of surgical or medical treatment. After propensity matching, survival was significantly better for females compared to males (HR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.80-0.94). After propensity matching within the epithelial group, survival remained significantly better for females compared to males (HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74-0.97). This study adds information to the known significant gender survival difference in MPM by disentangling the effect of gender from the effect of age and histology, two known independent factors affecting survival. Circulating estrogen, present in young but not older women, and higher expression of the estrogen receptor beta in epithelial mesothelioma have been suggested to play a role in gender survival differences. These findings may lead to exploring new therapeutic options such as targeting estrogen receptor beta, and considering hormonal therapy including estrogens for patients with otherwise limited prognosis.

"Liberal states had higher past-year cannabis use, but lower cannabis use disorder prevalence among users, compared to conservative states."

Int J Drug Policy. 2019 Jan 16. pii: S0955-3959(18)30272-X. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.10.010. [Epub ahead of print]

Associations between state-level policy liberalism, cannabis use, and cannabis use disorder from 2004 to 2012: Looking beyond medical cannabis law status.

Philbin MM1, Mauro PM2, Santaella-Tenorio J3, Mauro CM4, Kinnard EN5, Cerdá M6, Martins SS7.

Author information

1

Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA. Electronic address: mp3243@columbia.edu.

2

Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA. Electronic address: pm2838@columbia.edu.

3

Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA. Electronic address: js4222@columbia.edu.

4

Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA. Electronic address: cmm2212@columbia.edu.

5

Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA. Electronic address: ek3003@columbia.edu.

6

Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis, 4150V Street Patient Support Services Bldg, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA. Electronic address: cerda@ucdavis.edu.

7

Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA. Electronic address: ssm2183@columbia.edu.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Medical cannabis laws (MCL) have received increased attention as potential drivers of cannabis use (CU), but little work has explored how the broader policy climate, independent of MCL, may impact CU outcomes. We explored the association between state-level policy liberalism and past-year cannabis use (CU) and cannabis use disorder (CUD).

METHODS:

We obtained state-level prevalence of past-year CU and CUD among past year cannabis users for ages 12-17, 18-25, and 26+ from the 2004-2006 and 2010-2012 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health. States were categorized as liberal, moderate, or conservative based on state-level policy liberalism rankings in 2005 and 2011. Linear models with random state effects examined the association between policy liberalism and past-year CU and CUD, adjusting for state-level social and economic covariates and medical cannabis laws.

RESULTS:

In adjusted models, liberal states had higher average past-year CU than conservative states for ages 12-17 (+1.58 percentage points; p = 0.03) and 18-25 (+2.96 percentage points; p = 0.01) but not for 26+ (p = 0.19). CUD prevalence among past year users was significantly lower in liberal compared to conservative states for ages 12-17 (-2.87 percentage points; p = 0.045) and marginally lower for ages 26+ (-2.45 percentage points; p = 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

Liberal states had higher past-year CU, but lower CUD prevalence among users, compared to conservative states. Researchers and policy makers should consider how the broader policy environment, independent of MCL, may contribute to CU outcomes.

"For the contemporary right, universities are supposedly bent on undermining traditional norms and hierarchies, teaching the young to resent religion, reject family, and hate capitalism."

How the Right Learned to Loathe Higher Education

Conservative dislike of the academy isn’t new. But it is alarming.

By Kim Phillips-Fein January 31, 2019 

For the contemporary right, universities are supposedly bent on undermining traditional norms and hierarchies, teaching the young to resent religion, reject family, and hate capitalism. As a result, the young are going crazy. ("Education is child abuse," as McInnes puts it.) Yet at the same time, conservatives portray the university as the institution that more than any other acts as a gateway to social power. The university’s function as a subversive gatekeeper is what marks it as especially dangerous.

"...obesity is threatening to overtake smoking as the 'number one risk factor for cancer' within decades."

Study: Cutting bacon, booze out of diet could reduce cancer by 40%

The World Cancer Research Fund study, which sampled data from 51 million people, found that even the smallest amounts of processed meats and booze increased the risk of a number of cancers, according to the Evening Standard.

According to the study, obesity is threatening to overtake smoking as the "number one risk factor for cancer" within decades.

"Whether ethics is 'computable' depends on how programmers understand ethics in the first place..."

Sci Eng Ethics. 2019 Jan 30. doi: 10.1007/s11948-019-00084-5. [Epub ahead of print]

Building Moral Robots: Ethical Pitfalls and Challenges.

Gordon JS1,2.

Author information

1

Department of Philosophy and Social Critique, Faculty of Political Science and Diplomacy, Vytautas Magnus University, V. Putvinskio g. 23 (R 403), 44243, Kaunas, Lithuania. jostgo76@gmail.com.

2

Research Cluster for Applied Ethics, Faculty of Law, Vytautas Magnus University, V. Putvinskio g. 23 (R 403), 44243, Kaunas, Lithuania. jostgo76@gmail.com.

Abstract

This paper examines the ethical pitfalls and challenges that non-ethicists, such as researchers and programmers in the fields of computer science, artificial intelligence and robotics, face when building moral machines. Whether ethics is "computable" depends on how programmers understand ethics in the first place and on the adequacy of their understanding of the ethical problems and methodological challenges in these fields. Researchers and programmers face at least two types of problems due to their general lack of ethical knowledge or expertise. The first type is so-called rookie mistakes, which could be addressed by providing these people with the necessary ethical knowledge. The second, more difficult methodological issue concerns areas of peer disagreement in ethics, where no easy solutions are currently available. This paper examines several existing approaches to highlight the ethical pitfalls and challenges involved. Familiarity with these and similar problems can help programmers to avoid pitfalls and build better moral machines. The paper concludes that ethical decisions regarding moral robots should be based on avoiding what is immoral (i.e. prohibiting certain immoral actions) in combination with a pluralistic ethical method of solving moral problems, rather than relying on a particular ethical approach, so as to avoid a normative bias.

Front Genet. 2019 Jan 9;9:704. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00704. eCollection 2018.

Predicting Public Attitudes Toward Gene Editing of Germlines: The Impact of Moral and Hereditary Concern in Human and Animal Applications.

Critchley C1,2, Nicol D1, Bruce G2, Walshe J2, Treleaven T3, Tuch B3.

Author information

1

Centre for Law and Genetics, School of Law, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.

2

Department of Statistics, Data Science and Epidemiology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

3

Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Abstract

Background and Objective: New and more efficient methods of gene editing have intensified the ethical and legal issues associated with editing germlines. Yet no research has separated the impact of hereditary concern on public attitudes from moral concern. This research compares the impact these two concerns have on public attitudes across five applications including, the prevention of human disease, human and animal research, animals for the use of human food and the enhancement of human appearance. 

Methods: A sample of 1004 Australians responded to either a telephone (n = 501; randomly selected) or online survey (n = 503; sourced by Qualtrics). Both samples were representative in terms of States and Territories as well as gender (51% female), though the online sample was younger (M = 40.64, SD= 16.98; Range = 18-87) than the telephone sample (M = 54.79, SD = 18.13; Range = 18-96). A 5 (application) by 3 (type of cell) within groups design was utilized, where all respondents reported their level of approval with scientists editing genes across the 15 different contexts. Multilevel modeling was used to examine the impact of moral (embryo vs. germ) and hereditary (germ vs. somatic) concern on attitudes across all applications. 

Results: Australians were comfortable with editing human and animal embryos, but only for research purposes and to enhance human health. The effect of moral concern was stronger than hereditary concern, existing in all applications except for the use of animals for human purposes. Hereditary concern was only found to influence attitudes in two applications: improving human health and human research. Moral concern was found to be accentuated amongst, women, more religious individuals and those identifying as Australian, while hereditary concern was strongest amongst non-Australians, those with stronger trust in scientists, and more religious respondents. 

Conclusion: Moral and hereditary concerns are distinct, and require different approaches to public education, engagement and possibly regulation. Further research needs to explore hereditary concern in relation to non-human applications, and the reasons underlying cultural and gender differences.

Boz Scaggs - Miss Sun

Miss Sun -- Boz Scaggs

From Greatest Hits Live, 2004

BOZ SCAGGS ❖ miss sun 【HD】

From Hits! 1980

"Having a relationship is a lot like writing: To be good at it, you have to be interested in other people and believe you have something interesting to offer them in return. Many people who pursue either do so poorly because they are actually interested only in themselves."

Nice for What

A comic’s look at dating now

LAUREN OYLER

Having a relationship is a lot like writing: To be good at it, you have to be interested in other people and believe you have something interesting to offer them in return. Many people who pursue either do so poorly because they are actually interested only in themselves. Roberson doesn’t seem to realize that attempting to harmonize her heterosexuality with her feminist-writerly impulses could improve both her love life and her work. (Reconsidering The Sorrows of Young Werther might help your writing and your relationship.) Even if the idea of taking a man’s feelings into account is too distasteful, the book Roberson envisioned could have been situated among several recent attempts to reckon with heterosexuality’s relationship to social shifts—Kate Bolick’s Spinster, Moira Weigel’s Labor of Love, Kelli María Korducki’s Hard to Do: The Surprising, Feminist History of Breaking Up—but in shying away from analysis of how, exactly, she sees her personal life as political, Roberson seems to be acknowledging that the feminist basics are common knowledge, the specifics covered better elsewhere.

J Health Soc Behav. 2019 Jan 30:22146519825749. doi: 10.1177/0022146519825749. [Epub ahead of print]

Gender and Health: Beyond Binary Categorical Measurement.

Hart CG1, Saperstein A1, Magliozzi D1, Westbrook L2.

Author information

1

1 Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

2

2 Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, USA.

Abstract

This study leverages multiple measures of gender from a US national online survey (N = 1,508) to better assess how gender is related to self-rated health. In contrast to research linking feminine behaviors with good health and masculine behaviors with poor health, we find that masculinity is associated with better self-rated health for cisgender men, whereas femininity is associated with better self-rated health for cisgender women. The patterns are similar whether we consider self-identification or how people feel others perceive their gender, though reflected appraisals are most strongly associated with health for cisgender women. We also find that people who report they are seen as gender nonconforming report worse health, but only when this perception does not match their gender identification. Our results demonstrate that multiple measures of gender allow researchers to disentangle how health is not only shaped by gender enactments but also shapes perceptions of gender and gender difference.

Conservatism predicts lapses from vegetarian/vegan diets to meat consumption

Appetite. 2018 Jan 1;120:75-81. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.08.027. Epub 2017 Aug 30.

Conservatism predicts lapses from vegetarian/vegan diets to meat consumption (through lower social justice concerns and social support).

Hodson G1, Earle M2.

Author information

1

Brock University, Canada. Electronic address: ghodson@brocku.ca.

2

Brock University, Canada.

Abstract

Lapses from vegetarian and vegan (i.e., veg*n) food choices to meat consumption are very common, suggesting that sustaining veg*nism is challenging. But little is known about why people return to eating animals after initially deciding to avoid meat consumption. Several potential explanatory factors include personal inconvenience, meat cravings, awkwardness in social settings, or health/nutrition concerns. Here we test the degree to which political ideology predicts lapsing to meat consumption. Past research demonstrates that political ideology predicts present levels of meat consumption, whereby those higher in right-wing ideologies eat more animals, even after controlling for their hedonistic liking of meat (e.g., Dhont & Hodson, 2014). To what extent might political ideology predict whether one has lapsed from veg*n foods back to meat consumption? In a largely representative US community sample (N = 1313) of current and former veg*ns, those higher (vs. lower) in conservatism exhibited significantly greater odds of being a former than current veg*n, even after controlling for age, education, and gender. This ideology-lapsing relation was mediated (i.e., explained) by those higher (vs. lower) in conservatism: (a) adopting a veg*n diet for reasons less centered in justice concerns (animal rights, environment, feeding the poor); and (b) feeling socially unsupported in their endeavor. In contrast, factors such as differential meat craving or lifestyle inconvenience played little mediational role. These findings demonstrate that ideology and justice concerns are particularly relevant to understanding resilience in maintaining veg*n food choices. Implications for understanding why people eat meat, and how to develop intervention strategies, are discussed.

Curr Oncol Rep. 2019 Jan 18;21(1):3. doi: 10.1007/s11912-019-0756-8.

Colon Cancer in Young Adults: Trends and Their Implications.

Weinberg BA1, Marshall JL2.

Author information

1

Ruesch Center for the Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, D.C, 20007, USA. baw12@gunet.georgetown.edu.

2

Ruesch Center for the Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, D.C, 20007, USA.

Abstract

PURPOSE OF REVIEW:

The recent rise of young individuals under age 50 with colorectal cancer (CRC) is a startling trend in need of greater focus and research. The etiology of young-onset CRC is unexplained as efforts to blame obesity or diabetes as causative factors are simplistic and inadequate.

RECENT FINDINGS:

We describe the epidemiologic shifts of CRC incidence and mortality across age groups as well as the differences in clinicopathologic, molecular, treatment, and survival characteristics between young and older patients. Novel studies of the microbiome may elucidate bacterial causes of CRC carcinogenesis in younger individuals. Moving up the colonoscopy screening to age 45 in normal-risk individuals should prove beneficial in detecting more patients with early-onset CRC. We favor the development of risk-adaptive screening decision algorithms and flexible sigmoidoscopy screening at age 40 given the predilection for left-sided primaries in this age group. More awareness and attention to young-onset CRC will be critical to improve outcomes in this patient population.