From Stanford U: Synaptic pathology of Down syndrome

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22351068

Adv Exp Med Biol. 2012;970:451-68.
Synaptic pathology of down syndrome.
Garner CC, Wetmore DZ.
Source
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd., Palo Alto, CA, USA, cgarner@stanford.edu.

Abstract
Down syndrome is characterized by mild to moderate cognitive impairments that are caused by trisomy of chromosome 21. Several anatomical, behavioral, electrophysiological, and developmental abnormalities have been associated with Down syndrome. In this review, the current knowledge about the neurobiology of this disease and future perspectives of pharmacological treatments for this condition will be discussed.