J Theor Biol. 2012 Sep 25;315C:128-138. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2012.09.012. [Epub ahead of print]
Retaliation and the role for punishment in the evolution of cooperation.
Source
Thurgau Institute of Economics (TWI), University of Konstanz, Hauptstrasse 90, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland. Electronic address: wolff@twi-kreuzlingen.ch.
Abstract
Models of evolutionary game theory have shown that punishment may be an adaptive behaviour in environments characterised by a social-dilemma situation. Experimental evidence closely corresponds to this finding but questions the cooperation-enhancing effect of punishment if players are allowed to retaliate against their punishers. This study provides a theoretical explanation for the existence of retaliating behaviour in the context of repeated social dilemmas and analyses the role punishment can play in the evolution of cooperation under these conditions. We show a punishing strategy can pave the way for a partially cooperative equilibrium of conditional cooperators and defecting types and, under positive mutation rates, foster the cooperation level in this equilibrium by prompting reluctant cooperators to cooperate. However, when rare mutations occur, it cannot sustain cooperation by itself as punishment costs favour the spread of non-punishing cooperators.
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