"The causative agent of Q fever, Coxiella burnetii, has the potential to be developed for use in biological warfare and it is classified as a bioterrorism threat agent by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and as a category B select agent by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)."

Epidemics. 2017 Jun 15. pii: S1755-4365(16)30048-2. doi: 10.1016/j.epidem.2017.06.001. [Epub ahead of print]

A human time dose response model for Q fever.

Heppell CW1, Egan JR2, Hall I3.

Author information

1

Public Health England, Porton, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Charles.Heppell@phe.gov.uk.

2

University of Southampton, Hampshire SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom. Electronic address: J.R.Egan@soton.ac.uk.

3

Public Health England, Porton, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Ian.Hall@phe.gov.uk.

Abstract

The causative agent of Q fever, Coxiella burnetii, has the potential to be developed for use in biological warfare and it is classified as a bioterrorism threat agent by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and as a category B select agent by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). In this paper we focus on the in-host properties that arise when an individual inhales a dose of C. burnetii and establish a human time-dose response model. We also propagate uncertainty throughout the model allowing us to robustly estimate key properties including the infectious dose and incubation period. Using human study data conducted in the 1950's we conclude that the dose required for a 50% probability of infection is about 15 organisms, and that one inhaled organism of C. burnetti can cause infection in 5% of the exposed population. In addition, we derive a low dose incubation period of 17.6 days and an extracellular doubling time of half a day. In conclusion this paper provides a framework for detailing the parameters and approaches that would be required for risk assessments associated with exposures to C. burnetii that might cause human infection.