From Vanderbilt: Fructose and obesity in rhesus monkeys

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21884510

Clin Transl Sci. 2011 Aug;4(4):243-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2011.00298.x.
Fructose-fed rhesus monkeys: a nonhuman primate model of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes.
Bremer AA, Stanhope KL, Graham JL, Cummings BP, Wang W, Saville BR, Havel PJ.
Source
Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.

Abstract
The incidence of insulin resistance has increased dramatically over the past several years, and we and others have proposed that this increase may at least in part be attributable to increased dietary fructose consumption. However, a major limitation to the study of diet-induced insulin resistance is the lack of relevant animal models. Numerous studies, mostly in rodents, have demonstrated that diets high in fructose induce insulin resistance; however, important metabolic differences exist between rodents and primates. Thus, the results of metabolic studies performed in primates are substantively more translatable to human physiology, underscoring the importance of establishing nonhuman primate models of common metabolic conditions. In this report, we demonstrate that a high-fructose diet in rhesus monkeys produces insulin resistance and many features of the metabolic syndrome, including central obesity, dyslipidemia, and inflammation within a short period of time; moreover, a subset of monkeys developed type 2 diabetes. Given the rapidity with which the metabolic changes occur, and the ability to control for many factors that cannot be controlled for in humans, fructose feeding in rhesus monkeys represents a practical and efficient model system in which to investigate the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of diet-induced insulin resistance and its related comorbidities. Clin Trans Sci 2011; Volume 4: 243-252.