Low- and middle-income nations are facing what the World Health Organization describes as a "double burden," in which the traditional threats of infectious disease and undernourishment are overlaid with risk factors, such as obesity, that are associated with modernization and affluence.
"We have essentially a double whammy," said Nikhil Tandon, a professor of endocrinology and metabolism at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences in New Delhi. "In the original industrialized nations, that happened over centuries. In India, it's happened in 20 years."
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